● The `color{Violet}"description"` of the morphological features of a flowering plant has to be `color{Violet}"brief"`, in a `color{Violet}"simple and scientific"` language and presented in a `color{Violet}"proper sequence"`.

● The plant is `color{Violet}"described"` beginning with its habit, vegetative characters – roots, stem and leaves and then floral characters inflorescence and flower parts.

● After describing various parts of plant, a `color{Violet}"floral diagram"` and a `color{Violet}"floral formula"` are presented.

● The `color{Violet}"floral formula"` is represented by some `color{Violet}"symbols"`.

● A `color{Violet}"floral diagram"` provides information about the number of parts of a flower, their arrangement and the relation they have with one another

● In the floral diagram, calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium are drawn in `color{Violet}"successive whorls"`, calyx being the `color{Violet}"outermost"` and the gynoecium being in the `color{Violet}"centre"`.

In the floral formula,

● Br stands for bracteate, K stands for calyx , C for corolla, P for perianth, A for androecium and G for Gynoecium, for superior ovary and for inferior ovary, for male, for female , for bisexual plants, for actinomorphic and for zygomorphic nature of flower.

● A `color{Violet}"number"` put just `color{Violet}"after the symbol"` represents the `color{Violet}"number of parts"` in that particular whorl.

● `color{Violet}"Fusion"` is indicated by enclosing the figure within `color{Violet}"bracket"` and `color{Violet}"adhesion"` by a line drawn above the symbols of the floral parts.

● E.g. If five `color{Violet}"free sepals"` are present the whorl is represented by and if `color{Violet}"united"` it is represented by .

● If there are `color{Violet}"more than one whorl"` of an organ, they are represented by the some of their `color{Violet}"representative parts"`. If a flower has three whorls of five stamens each, then the androecium is represented by

● If one organ is united with other organ then an `color{Violet}"arrow"` is made. It `color{Violet}"starts"` from the top of one symbol and `color{Violet}"ends"` on the top of the symbol for the other organ with which united e.g., if each of the five petals bears the stamens the union of two organs is represented as below;

● The `color{Violet}"missing organ"` is represented by putting a `color{Violet}"zero or 0"` after its symbol. If the number of organs in a whorl is more than ten its symbol is followed by the mark of `color{Violet}"infinity or ∞"`.

● The position of the `color{Violet}"mother axis"` with respect to the flower is represented by a `color{Violet}"dot on the top"` of the floral diagram.

● This family was earlier called `color{Violet}"Papilonoideae"`, a subfamily of family `color{Violet}"Leguminosae"`.

● `color{Green}"Habitat"`: It is distributed all over the world

● `color{Green}"Vegetative Characters"`:

`star` Trees, shrubs, herbs; root with `color{Violet}"root nodules"`

`star` `color{Brown}"Stem"`: erect or `color{Violet}"climber"`

`star` `color{Brown}"Leaves"`: `color{Violet}"alternate"`, `color{Violet}"pinnately"` compound or simple; leaf base, `color{Violet}"pulvinate"`; stipulate; venation `color{Violet}"reticulate"`.

● `color{Green}"Floral characters"`:

`star` `color{Brown}"Inflorescence"`: `color{Violet}"racemose"`

`star` `color{Brown}"Flower"`: bisexual, `color{Violet}"zygomorphic"`

`star` `color{Brown}"Calyx"`: sepals five, `color{Violet}"gamosepalous"`; `color{Violet}"imbricate"` aestivation

`star` `color{Brown}"Corolla"`: petals five, `color{Violet}"polypetalous"`, `color{Violet}"papilionaceous"`, consisting of a posterior `color{Violet}"standard"`, two lateral `color{Violet}"wings"`, two anterior ones forming a `color{Violet}"keel"` (enclosing stamens and pistil), `color{Violet}"vexillary"` aestivation

`star` `color{Brown}"Androecium"`: ten, `color{Violet}"diadelphous"`, anther `color{Violet}"dithecous"`

`star` `color{Brown}"Gynoecium"`: ovary superior, `color{Violet}"mono carpellary"`, `color{Violet}"unilocular"` with many ovules, style single

`star` `color{Brown}"Fruit"`: legume; seed: one to many, `color{Violet}"non-endospermic"`

● `color{Green}"Floral Formula"`:

● `color{Green}"Economic importance"`:

Many plants belonging to the family are sources of:
`star` `color{Brown}"Pulses"`: gram, arhar, sem, moong, soyabean

`star` `color{Brown}"Edible oil"` : soyabean, groundnut

`star` `color{Brown}"Dye"`: indigofera

`star` `color{Brown}"Fibres"`: sunhemp

`star` `color{Brown}"Fodder"`: Sesbania, Trifolium

`star` `color{Brown}"Ornamentals"`: lupin, sweet pea

`star` `color{Brown}"Medicine"`: muliathi

● It is a large family, commonly called as the `color{Violet}"potato family’"`

● `color{Green}"Habitat"`: It is widely distributed in tropics, subtropics and even temperate zones.

● `color{Green}"Vegetative Characters"`:

`star` Plants mostly, herbs, shrubs and small trees

`star` `color{Brown}"Stem"`: `color{Violet}"herbaceous rarely woody"`, aerial; erect, cylindrical, branched, solid or hollow, `color{Violet}"hairy or glabrous"`, `color{Violet}"underground stem"` in potato (Solanum tuberosum)

`star` `color{Brown}"Leaves"`: `color{Violet}"alternate"`, simple, rarely `color{Violet}"pinnately"` compound, `color{Violet}"exstipulate"`; venation `color{Violet}"reticulate"`

● `color{Green}"Floral Characters"`:

`star` `color{Brown}"Inflorescence"` : Solitary, `color{Violet}"axillary or cymose"` as in Solanum

`star` `color{Brown}"Flower"`: bisexual, `color{Violet}"actinomorphic"`

`star` `color{Brown}"Calyx"` : sepals five, united, persistent, `color{Violet}"valvate"` aestivation

`star` `color{Brown}"Corolla"`: petals five, united; `color{Violet}"valvate"` aestivation

`star` `color{Brown}"Androecium"`: stamens five, `color{Violet}"epipetalous"`

`star` `color{Brown}"Gynoecium"`: `color{Violet}"bicarpellary"`, `color{Violet}"syncarpous"`; ovary superior, `color{Violet}"bilocular"`, placenta swollen with many ovules

`star` `color{Brown}"Fruits"`: `color{Violet}"berry or capsule"`

`star` `color{Brown}"Seeds"`: many, `color{Violet}"endospermous"`

● `color{Green}"Floral Formula"`:

● `color{Green}"Economic Importance"`:

Many plants belonging to this family are source of
`star` `color{Brown}"Food"` : tomato, brinjal, potato

`star` `color{Brown}"Spice"`: chilli

`star` `color{Brown}"Medicine"`: belladonna, ashwagandha

`star` `color{Brown}"Fumigatory"` : tobacco

`star` `color{Brown}"Ornamentals"` : petunia

● Commonly called the `color{Violet}"Lily family"` is a characteristic representative of `color{Violet}"monocotyledonous"` plants.

● `color{Green}"Habitat"`: It is distributed world wide.

● `color{Green}"Vegetative characters"`:

`star` `color{Violet}"Perennial herbs"` with underground `color{Violet}"bulbs/corms/ rhizomes"`

`star` `color{Brown}"Leaves"`: Mostly `color{Violet}"basal"`, alternate, linear, `color{Violet}"exstipulate"` with parallel venation

● `color{Green}"Floral characters"`:

`star` `color{Brown}"Inflorescence"`: solitary / `color{Violet}"cymose"`; often `color{Violet}"umbellate"` clusters

`star` `color{Brown}"Flower"`: bisexual; `color{Violet}"actinomorphic"`

`star` Perianth tepal six (3+3), often united into tube; `color{Violet}"valvate"` aestivation

`star` `color{Brown}"Androecium"`: stamen six, (3+3)

`star` `color{Brown}"Gynoecium"`: `color{Violet}"tricarpellary"`, `color{Violet}"syncarpous"`, ovary superior, `color{Violet}"trilocular"` with many ovules; `color{Violet}"axile"` placentation

`star` `color{Brown}"Fruit"`: `color{Violet}"capsule"`, rarely berry

`star` `color{Brown}"Seed"`: `color{Violet}"endospermous"`

● `color{Green}"Floral Formula"`:


● `color{Green}"Economic Importance"`:

Many plants belonging to this family are:
`star` `color{Brown}"Good ornamentals"` : tulip, Gloriosa

`star` `color{Brown}"Source of medicine"`: Aloe, colchicine (Colchicum autumnale).

`star` `color{Brown}"Vegetables"` :Asparagus